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HISTORY TIMELINE (1800-1899) By Gerald Murphy
DATE EVENT
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1800 House elects President Jefferson after electoral college tie with Burr
1800 Spain returns Louisiana to France
1800 Congress establishes Library of Congress
1800 Fillmore, 13th President, born; dies 1874
1801 John Marshall appointed as Chief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court
1801 Tripolitan War begins; ends in 1805 with USMC on the shores of Tripoli
1802 Treaty of Amiens, in March
1803 Louisiana Purchased April 30. Lewis & Clark to begin exploration
1803 Atomic theory first published
1804 12th Amendment changes Presidential election rules
1804 Osceola born in Tallassee village in Alabama;will lead 2nd Seminole War
1804 Vice President Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in duel July 11
1804 Pierce, 14th President, born; dies 1869
1805 Lewis & Clark discover mouth of Columbia River, just in time, on Nov 7
1807 Robert Fulton, in "Clermont", steams up Hudson River to Albany, Aug 17
1807 Congress outlaws importing slaves from Africa, March 2
1807 Treaty of Detroit; Wyandot Indians lose most of their real estate
1807 Embargo Act, Dec 22, forbids American ships to leave American waters
1808 Andrew Johnson, 17th President, born; dies 1875
1808 Slave importation outlawed. Yet, another 1/4 million brought in by 1860
1809 Abraham Lincoln, 16th President,born in Kentucky February 12; dies 1865
1809 Illinois becomes a separate territory
1809 Non-Intercourse Act, Mar 1, repeals the Embargo Act, which didn't work
1810 Census counts 7,239,881 persons in United States
1811 Madison allows 20-year charter of Bank of the United States to lapse
1811 Wm. H. Harrison fights Indians at Tippecanoe, near Indianapolis, Nov 7
1811 New Madrid, MO earthquake Dec 16; forecast months before by Tecumseh
1812 War declared on England June 18, days after England repealed the cause
1812 Russians build Fort Rossiia (Ross) 90 miles north of San Francisco
1813 Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry "meets" British in Lake Erie Sept 10
1814 City of Washington captured and burned by British, August 24
1814 Francis Scott Key observes flag over Fort McHenry at Baltimore, Sept 14
1814 Treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 on December 24, but fighting goes on
1815 Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleans Jan 8, after war ends
1815 USS Constitution defeats two British ships off African coast 20 Feb
1815 Napolean meets his "Waterloo" on June 18
1816 Second Bank of the United States chartered, Apr 10
1817 Work begins on Erie Canal
1817 First American school for the deaf, Hartford, CT, Apr 14
1817 Secretary of State Rush and British Minister Bagot agree on Great Lakes
1818 Congress fixes stripes in flag at 13 to honor original colonies, Apr 4
1818 Anglo-American Convention fixes 49th parallel as border with Canada
1818 Illinois becomes the 21st state on December 3
1819 First permanent American settlement of Peoria
1819 SS Savanah makes transatlantic crossing under steam propulsion, a first
1819 Florida ceded by Spain to the United States, Feb 22
1819 Treaty of Saginaw; Indians give up one sixth of Michigan
1820 Missouri Compromise forbids slavery above 36 degrees 30 mins. latitude
1820 Federalist Party dissolves; without opposition, Jefferson Dems disband
1822 Grant, 18th President, born in Ohio; dies 1885
1822 Hayes, 19th President, born in Ohio; dies 1893
1823 Monroe Doctrine given to Congress December 2
1824 House of Representatives elects John Q. Adams president
1825 Erie Canal completed
1826 Jefferson, then Adams, die on 50th anniversary of Declaration, July 4
1827 Ohio Canal opened for business
1828 Noah Webster publishes "American Dictionary of English Language"
1828 Baltimore & Ohio railroad, the first designed for passengers & freight
1829 Arthur, 21st President, born; dies 1886
1829 Estate of James Smithson funds Smithsonian Institution
1831 Abraham Lincoln settles in New Salem, IL, working as a storekeeper,
surveyor, and postmaster
1831 Samuel F. Smith writes "My Country, 'tis of Thee"
1831 Nat Turner leads slave revolt at Southhampton
1831 Garfield, 20th President (and 3rd in a row from Ohio), born; dies 1881
1832 A.Lincoln enlists in Illinois militia to help fight Sauk & Fox Indians
1832 Black Hawk War ends era of Indians in Illinois
1832 Jackson vetoes rechartering of 2nd Bank, causes birth of Whig Party
1832 Jackson supporters counter with rebirth of Jefferson Democratic Party
1833 Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President, born; dies 1901
1833 First tax-supported public library, at Peterborough, NH, Apr 9
1834 Abraham Lincoln elected to Illinois State Legislature
1834 Death of Lafayette, Revolutionary War hero on two continents
1834 Charles Babbage demonstrates "analytic engine", a computer
1835 U.S.A. becomes debt free (briefly) for only time in history
1836 Abraham Lincoln becomes a lawyer
1836 The Alamo. 6000 Mexicans defeat 190 Americans in 12 days on March 6
1837 Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President, born; dies 1908
1837 Sitting Bull born, dies in 1890
1837 Concord Hymn, by Emerson, commemorates battle of Concord NH in 1775
1838 Osceola dies in prison after being tricked by false white flag
1838 Trail of Tears. Thousands of Indians forced from their homes & die
1838 Black Hawk, famous Sauk warrior, dies of old age
1839 Abner Doubleday invents baseball at Cooperstown, NY
1839 Railway Express Co. founded in Boston
1840 Chief Joseph born near Wallowa, OR. Becomes great chief of Nez Perce'
1841 Wm. H. Harrison catches cold at Inauguration, dies a month later
1841 Russia sells their Fort Ross in California to John Sutter
1842 Crazy Horse born in South Dakota
1842 Plain Dealer Publishing Co. founded in Cleveland
1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty defines Canadian-U.S. frontier, Aug 9
1843 McKinley, 25th President (5th from Ohio), born; dies 1901
1844 Samuel F. B. Morse opens telegraphic link between Baltimore and D.C.
1845 Peoria, Illinois is incorporated as a city
1845 U. S. Naval Academy opens at Annapolis, MD
1845 Texas is annexed; war with Mexico follows
1846 Large crack in Liberty Bell gets too bad to permit ringing any more
1846 Potato famine in Ireland. Many flee to America for survival
1847 Brigham Young leads his followers into Salt Lake City, UT area
1847 Thomas Alva Edison born in Milan, OH February 11; dies in 1931
1847 American troops fight their way into the Halls of Montezuma in Mexico
1848 Treaty of 1848 gets CA, NM, AZ, NV UT, parts of CO & WY for the Union
1848 Cornerstone laid for the Washington Monument
1849 There's G O L D in them thar hills! Invasion of California begins
1849 Eastern Michigan University founded.
1850 Fugitive Slave Act, Sept. 18
1851 Isaac Singer granted a patent for his sewing machine
1853 Gadsden Purchase brings some Mexican territory into U.S.A.
1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opens trade routes with Japan, July 14
1854 Kansas - Nebraska Act. Provides springboard for Abe Lincoln
1854 Republican Party formed in Ripon, WI 28 February, under John Fremont
1854 George Boole writes on theories of logic and probabilities
1855 Soo Canal opens upper Great Lakes to commercial navigation
1855 Longfellow uses name of real Six Nation's hero Hiawatha in myth. poem
1856 Abraham Lincoln joins the New Republican Party
1856 Wilson, 28th President, born; dies 1924
1856 Western Union Telegraph Co. established in Cleveland
1856 Cocaine extracted from cocoa leaves, but has no legitimate use.
1857 Dred Scott decision handed down by Supreme Court, March 6
1857 Transatlantic cable begins; used briefly in 1858. Replaced in 1866
1857 Taft, 27th President (7th from Ohio), born; dies 1930
1858 Abe Lincoln runs for the senate against Stephen A. Douglas and loses
1858 Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President, born; dies 1919
1859 Abolitionist John Brown leads assault on armory at Harper's Ferry
1859 Colonel Robert E. Lee, U. S. Army, commands troops at Harpers Ferry
1859 Drake puts down first oil well in U.S.A., Titusville, PA
1860 Lincoln elected President with a minority of popular vote
1860 Annie Oakley born in Darke County, Ohio, log cabin, August 13
1860 Pony Express riders leave Sacramento, CA and St. Joseph, MO - 1st ride
1860 South Carolina becomes first state to secede from Union, December 20
1861 Confederate States adopt Provisional Constitution, February 8
1861 Civil War begins at Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC, April 12
1861 Ohioan Generals Grant, Sherman and Sheridan ride off to war
1861 Congress enacts first income tax August 2, on incomes more than $800
1861 U. S. Navy's first aircraft carrier launches hot air balloon Aug 3
1861 First Congressional Medals of Honor awarded, to Union Navymen
1861 First transcontinental telegraph kills need for Pony Express
1862 The Homestead Act, May 20, contributes to development in ND, SD, & OK
1862 Duel between Merrimac and Monitor March 8; CSS Merrimac withdrew
1862 Battle of Shiloh, Apr 6
1863 The Emancipation Proclamation
1863 The Gettysburg Address dedicated to more than two score thousand dead
1864 Lincoln posed for photograph which appears on $5 bill, Feb 9
1864 "In God We Trust" put on American coins for the first time April 22
1864 Massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians at Sand Creek, CO, Nov 29
1864 Lincoln proclaims last Thursday in November to be Thanksgiving Day
1865 13th amendment abolishes slavery
1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox on Palm Sunday, April 9
1865 Lincoln shot by Boothe April 14, at Ford's Theater. Dies next day
and is buried in Illinois
1865 Confederate Army surrenders at Shreveport, LA; Civil War ends May 26
1865 Last shot of Civil War fired by CSS Shenandoah in Bering Sea, June 22
1865 Harding, 29th President (8th from Ohio), born; dies in 1923
1866 Ohio briefly adopts state motto: "Imperium in Imperio"
1866 Congress recognizes the Metric system of measurements
1866 Alfred Nobel invents something that is "dynamite"
1866 ASPCA organized, Apr 10
1866 First roller rink in the world opens at Newport, RI
1867 University of Illinois founded
1867 British North American Act creates the Dominion of Canada
1867 US buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
1868 14th amendment prohibits voting discrimination, among other things
1868 House impeaches President Johnson. Senate acquits him by one vote
1869 Transcontinental railroad completed; Ogden, UT wins the golden spike
1869 Suez Canal completed
1870 "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea", in a nuclear submarine
1870 15th Amendment gives blacks the right to vote
1870 John D. Rockefeller founds Standard Oil Company, in Cleveland, OH
1870 Robert E. Lee dies, October 12
1871 Dr. B. F. Goodrich opens rubber factory in Akron, OH
1871 Mrs. O'Leary's cow blamed for Chicago fire, Oct 8-11
1872 Coolidge, 30th President, born; dies 1933
1872 Susan B. Anthony leads protest for women at polling place
1872 Yellowstone National Park created; our first of many
1873 Bellevue Hospital in NYC starts first school of nursing
1874 Hoover, 31st President, born; dies 1964
1874 Guglielmo Marconi, radio pioneer, born April 25
1875 Gold discovered in the Sioux holy grounds, the Black Hills of SD
1875 First running of the Kentucky Derby at Churchhill Downs, May 17
1876 Custer makes his way into the history books at Little Big Horn in MT
1876 Liberty statue presented by France, construction requires ten years
1876 Internal combustion engine invented by N. A. Otto (pronounced "auto")
1876 Does the name "Alexander Graham" ring a Bell? Telephone invented
1877 Crazy Horse dies in a Nebraska prison from stab wounds
1878 Carl Sandburg, major American poet, born in Galesburg, IL, dies 1967
1878 First electric street lighting anywhere is on Cleveland Public Square
1878 First commercial telephone exchange is at New Haven, CT, Jan 28
1879 John D. Rockefeller organizes the Standard Oil Trust
1879 Charles McGill is last felon publicly hanged on Cleveland Public Squ.
1880 Case School of Applied Science established in Cleveland
1881 Booker T. Washington opens Tuskegee Institute for blacks
1881 Garfield assassinated. Arthur moves into the presidency
1882 F. D. Roosevelt, 32nd President, born; dies 1945
1883 Indonesian volcano Krakatau blows it's top; 35,000 die
1883 Brooklyn Bridge completed May 24. No, it is not for sale!
1884 Truman, 33rd President, born; dies 1972
1884 First "World Series" played
1886 Geronimo surrenders all Apache nations, September 4
1887 Susan Salter, Argonia, KS, is first woman mayor in U.S.A., Apr 4
1888 Electric streetcars introduced, in Richmond, VA
1889 Indian Territory becomes Oklahoma Territory, thrown open to landrush
1889 First American skyscraper soars into Chicago skies, 10 stories
1889 Jefferson Davis dies at age 81 on December 6
1890 Eisenhower, 34th President, born; dies 1969
1890 First skyscraper in New York City is the World Building, 26 stories
1890 Massacre at Wounded Knee, SD, December 29
1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act, July 2
1890 Leonidas Merritt discovers iron ore lode at Mesabi, MN
1892 First bridge to span the lower Mississippi river is at Memphis
1892 Rudolf Diesel invents internal combustion engine that runs on oil
1892 Pledge of Allegiance published. Changes made in 1954
1893 "America the Beautiful" written by Katherine Lee Bates
1896 Plessy v. Ferguson establishes hated "separate but equal" provision
1897 Bradley University is founded in Peoria, Illinois
1898 USS Maine blown up in harbor at Havana, Cuba, February 15
1898 Spanish - American War. Teddy Roosevelt rough-rides his way into Cuba
1898 Independent republic of Hawaii annexed
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